Do You need a visa upon entry

[jdza]

I plan on doing some backpacking in Europe for about 4 months and will go to as many countries as possible. I am wondering if I need anything other than my passport to enter all European countries. I wont be going to school or working so I dont need a visa for those purposes but will I be able to simply hop on a train from lets say Czech Republic to Austria or Poland to Russia with just my Passport?

Thanks